Senegalese people are predominantly Muslim. Like other post-colonial African states, the country includes a wide mix of ethnic and linguistic communities, with the largest being the Wolof, Fula, and Serer people. Over 30 languages are spoken in Senegal, and Wolof is the most widely spoken one, with 80% of the population speaking it as a first or second language, acting as Senegal's lingua franca alongside French.

Because of this history, French is the official language, but it is understood only by a minority of the population. The state was formed as part of the independence of French West Africa from French colonial rule. The state is a unitary presidential republic since the country's foundation in 1960, it has been recognized as one of the most stable countries on the African continent. Senegal covers a land area of almost 197,000 square kilometres (76,000 sq mi) and has a population of around 17 million. The climate is typically Sahelian, though there is a rainy season. It owes its name to the Senegal River, which borders it to the east and north. Senegal is notably the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia. Senegal's economic and political capital is Dakar. Senegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde.

Senegal nearly surrounds the Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country.

Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa, on the Atlantic Ocean coastline.

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